{"id":1352,"date":"2022-06-17T22:02:33","date_gmt":"2022-06-17T10:02:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.seaswell.net\/publishing\/?page_id=1352"},"modified":"2025-11-27T22:38:17","modified_gmt":"2025-11-27T10:38:17","slug":"e-science-topics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.seaswell.net\/publishing\/science-topics\/e-science-topics\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8216;E&#8217; Science Topics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.seaswell.net\/publishing\/science-topics\/\">Science Topics<\/a> beginning with \u2018E\u2019:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Ecosystem:<\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ecosystem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ecosystem<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>An <strong>ecosystem<\/strong> (or <strong>ecological system<\/strong>) is a system formed by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Organism\">organisms<\/a> in interaction with their <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biophysical_environment\">environment<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Energy:<\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"#conservation-of-energy\">Conservation of Energy<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>In classical physics there are four conservation laws:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Conservation of Momentum<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conservation of Energy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conservation of Angular Momentum<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conservation of Charge<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>For conservation laws of systems within modern physics, reference should also be made to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Noether%27s_theorem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Noether&#8217;s Theorem<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Noether%27s_theorem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Noether&#8217;s Theorem<\/a><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>For conservation laws beyond classical physics and particles it is necessary to consider symmetries. The mathematician <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emmy_Noether\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Amalie (Emmy) Noether<\/a> proved her theorem relating conservation laws to symmetries in 1915 and published it in 1918.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>Quoting from the Wikipedia article:<\/em><\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8216;Noether&#8217;s theorem is used in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theoretical_physics\">theoretical physics<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calculus_of_variations\">calculus of variations<\/a>. It reveals the fundamental relation between the symmetries of a physical system and the conservation laws. It also made modern theoretical physicists much more focused on symmetries of physical systems&#8217;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8216; Noether&#8217;s theorem can be stated informally:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8216;If a system has a continuous symmetry property, then there are corresponding quantities whose values are conserved in time.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Noether%27s_theorem#cite_note-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>&#8216;<\/p>\n<cite><em>(The citation note [7], above, links to: <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=O25fXV4z0B0C&amp;pg=PA5\">https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=O25fXV4z0B0C&amp;pg=PA5<\/a> )<\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Exoplanets:<\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"exoplanets\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.seaswell.net\/publishing\/science-topics\/e-science-topics\/exoplanets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Exoplanets<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>An exoplanet is any planet beyond our solar system. Most of them orbit other stars, but some free-floating exoplanets, called rogue planets, are untethered to any star.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/www.seaswell.net\/publishing\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20140422_Kepler186f-fullsize.jpg.webp\" alt=\"Earth-like planet\" class=\"wp-image-715\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seaswell.net\/publishing\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20140422_Kepler186f-fullsize.jpg.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.seaswell.net\/publishing\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20140422_Kepler186f-fullsize.jpg-300x162.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Image: NASA \/ Ames \/ JPL-Caltech \/ T. Pyl<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Experiment:<\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Science Experiments<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>[Blog Reference ST: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seaswell.net\/publishing\/science-topic-experiment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PT-B1-C1_220512<\/a>.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Modern science relies upon objective observation of the natural world and repeatable experiments to verify theories that describe our Universe and its laws of physics. Thus experiments are an essential tool to enable us to understand the true nature the world. Engineers also use experiments and tests to check their designs and ensure that equipment and products meet design criteria and industry quality standards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(<em>Updated: 27\/11\/25<\/em>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Science Topics beginning with \u2018E\u2019: Ecosystem: Ecosystem An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system formed by organisms in interaction with their environment. Energy: Conservation of Energy In classical physics there are four conservation laws: For conservation laws of systems within modern physics, reference should also be made to Noether&#8217;s Theorem. Noether&#8217;s Theorem For conservation&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.seaswell.net\/publishing\/science-topics\/e-science-topics\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &ldquo;&#8216;E&#8217; Science Topics&rdquo;<\/span> &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":648,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1352","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>&#039;E&#039; Science Topics - Seaswell Publishing<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Seaswell Publishing, fiction, non-fiction, science topics, &#039;E&#039;, science fiction, author, Barrie Cameron, Planetoid Trilogy, Star Island,\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.seaswell.net\/publishing\/science-topics\/e-science-topics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"&#039;E&#039; 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